ADHD in Children (Explainer)

ADHD in children, also known as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a long-term condition that has already affected millions of children globally. It typically begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Children with ADHD struggle to stay focused and attentive. In other words, ADHD can impact every aspect of life.

Children with ADHD often experience low confidence and poor self-esteem, and unfortunately, these issues are sometimes overlooked by adults. Many children develop the condition early in life but may not understand it until they are much older.

There is no fixed or guaranteed cure for ADHD, but a combination of medication and behavioural support can reduce symptoms. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the outcome.

Signs and Symptoms of ADHD in Children

ADHD in children presents through various symptoms, typically falling into three categories: inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. Symptoms in children often overlap with those seen in adults.

Inattentive As the name suggests, the child struggles to remain focused, even on basic tasks. They may find it difficult to complete everyday activities at school and home. Staying organised and keeping track of what needs to be done can be particularly hard for them.

Hyperactive Hyperactivity means the child may switch between being overly active and feeling bored or sluggish. At times they may be calm and quiet, while at other times they may become restless or agitated. Their behaviour can sometimes include unnecessary or disruptive actions, such as fidgeting or making silly mistakes.

Impulsive Impulsive behaviour means acting without thinking. Children with ADHD may interrupt conversations, push others, or grab things without asking. This kind of behaviour is often seen in school or during play. They tend to make quick decisions without considering the consequences.

What Causes ADHD in Children?

ADHD is believed to have a genetic basis. Changes in certain genes can affect brain development. Most children with ADHD have a family member who has also experienced the condition.

Researchers are still studying how these genetic changes affect the brain. Children born prematurely are more at risk of developing ADHD. Likewise, babies exposed to harmful substances during pregnancy, such as lead or other toxins, may be more likely to develop symptoms.

Diagnosis of ADHD in Children

The first step is to speak with a GP or healthcare professional. It’s important to provide a full overview of the child’s behaviour and challenges. The child may undergo several assessments to understand the symptoms and how severe they are.

In addition, input from the child’s teacher and the school’s SENCO (Special Educational Needs Coordinator) is essential. These professionals can offer valuable insight and support within the school environment.

If left untreated, ADHD may also lead to other conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or dyslexia.

Getting an ADHD Assessment

If support at home and school isn’t enough, a GP or SENCO may recommend a full ADHD assessment. NHS assessments are available, but waiting times can be long. In the meantime, continued support from home and school is essential.

ADHD assessments are usually carried out by a GP and a child and adolescent psychiatrist. These professionals work with parents, teachers, and the SENCO to gather information. Forms may be filled out by both the child and their parents, and the child may also take part in a computer-based test to help assess their condition.

Based on the results, a treatment plan tailored to the child’s needs can be created.

It may also help to contact your local Family Hub, which provides support to children and young people with additional needs.

Other Ways of Treating ADHD in Children

ADHD treatment involves more than just medication. It often includes lifestyle changes, therapy, and strong support at home and school.

Medications Some children benefit from prescribed medications, which help with focus and calmness. These are typically given by a GP or child psychiatrist. Parents must follow the prescribed dosage and understand possible side effects and how to manage them.

Therapy Therapists trained in ADHD can help children develop social and organisational skills. This support can make school and friendships more manageable.

School Support Teachers play a key role. They should update parents regularly and may need to provide a quieter learning area or allow more frequent breaks. Regular meetings between parents and teachers help track progress and provide consistent support.

Home Support Support at home is equally important. Parents should use the guidance provided by healthcare professionals and use proven parenting strategies. Clear instructions, rewards for completing tasks, and praise for positive behaviour are very effective. Playing outdoor games and preparing healthy meals can also support overall wellbeing.

With the right mix of support from adults, teachers, and therapists, children with ADHD can improve their focus, perform better in school, and build self-esteem.

ADHD is a Disability – This Is Just a Myth!

Raising a child with ADHD can be difficult and emotionally demanding. But ADHD is not a disability. It’s wrong to label it as one or to lose patience with your child.

Scolding or punishing children for ADHD-related behaviour can leave them feeling ashamed or alone. Without the right support, some children may even begin to have dark or harmful thoughts. It’s vital to reassure them that ADHD is not their fault.

Final Words

ADHD is a disorder, not a disability. Its effects vary from child to child. It is a genetic condition—not the result of poor parenting. The earlier you recognise the signs and seek help, the better the outcome for your child.

Support them with patience and love, and they won’t have to face their struggles alone.